Tier 1 source5 answers cite this
USDA FSIS Safe Minimum Cooking Temperatures
USDA FSIS Safe Minimum Cooking Temperatures is a tier 1 source on AskedWell — Peer-reviewed / governmental / scientific. Highest institutional trust. It's cited in 5 cooking, fermentation, and baking answers. Click any answer below to read the cited claim in context.
Every answer citing this source
Each card below shows the question, the direct answer, and the note explaining WHY this source was cited in that specific context.
how to convert… · cooking
How do I convert fahrenheit to celsius?
Exact formula: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Quick approximation: subtract 30 then halve (°C ≈ (°F − 30) ÷ 2). Common cooking: 350°F = 177°C; 400°F = 205°C; 425°F = 218°C; 165°F (poultry safe) = 74°C; 32°F (freezing) = 0°C; 212°F (boiling) = 100°C.
Why we cite it here: Critical food-safety temps in both units
how to convert… · cooking
How do I convert celsius to fahrenheit?
Exact formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32, or °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32. Quick mental math: double the °C then add 30 (°F ≈ °C × 2 + 30) — accurate within ~2°F. Common cooking: 180°C = 356°F; 200°C = 392°F (~400°F); 220°C = 428°F (~425°F); 100°C = 212°F (boiling); 0°C = 32°F (freezing).
Why we cite it here: Critical food-safety temps in both units
what temperature for… · cooking
What temperature should the pan be to sear a steak?
Cast iron at 500-550°F (260-288°C) for proper Maillard reaction. Stainless steel: 450-500°F (232-260°C). Pan should be smoking lightly when steak hits surface. Steak surface needs 250°F+ contact temperature for crust to form — below this, meat steams instead of browning.
Why we cite it here: Food-safety reference for beef temperatures
what temperature for… · cooking
What internal temperature for chicken?
USDA mandatory: 165°F (74°C) for all poultry, measured at the thickest part of the thigh (not breast). Dark meat is safer above 175°F (79°C) for better texture. Breast: pull at 160°F (71°C) — carryover takes it to 165°F during rest. NEVER below 165°F final — salmonella + campylobacter risk.
Why we cite it here: Federal mandatory cooking temperatures
what temperature for… · cooking
What internal temperature for beef?
Steak medium-rare (canonical): 130-135°F (54-57°C). Rare: 120-125°F. Medium: 140-145°F. Well-done: 160°F+. Ground beef minimum (USDA): 160°F (71°C). Brisket + pulled beef: 195-205°F (90-96°C). Always pull 5°F below target; rest 5-10 minutes for carryover.
Why we cite it here: Government safety reference for all meats
More like this
See the full citation graph → · How we tier sources · Browse every answer